第九条 (1972) is a federal (national) law that serves as a powerful tool for combating campus violence. 该法律要求接受联邦资助的大学打击基于性别的暴力和骚扰, 并回应幸存者的需求，以确保所有学生都有平等的受教育机会.
任何性暴力或身体虐待, 根据加州法律的规定, 是否由员工承诺, 学生, 或者是公众成员, occurring on college-owned or controlled property, at college-sponsored or supervised functions, 或与大学出席或活动有关或因其而产生的违反学区政策和规定的行为, and is subject to all applicable punishment, including criminal and/or civil prosecution and employee or 学生 discipline procedures.
美国境内任何人不得, 以性别为基础, 被排除在…之外, 被剥夺…的利益, 或在接受联邦财政援助的任何教育计划或活动中受到歧视.
As a 学生, you can take action to stop 性ual misconduct and violence. Learn more about how you can make a difference: KNOW YOUR IX: Empowering 学生 to Stop Sexual Violence.
Video: College 学生 Explain 第九条/Sexual Misconduct
第九条其他定义:
第九条 is a landmark federal civil right that prohibits 性 discrimination in education. 第九条 is not just about sports; it is a prohibition against 性-based discrimination in education. It addresses discrimination against pregnant and parenting 学生s and women in STEM (science, 技术, 工程, 和数学)程序. It also addresses 性ual harassment, gender-based discrimination, and 性ual violence. Sexual violence includes attempted or completed rape or 性ual assault, 还有性骚扰, 跟踪, 窥阴癖, 自我表现欲, verbal or physical 性uality-based threats or abuse, 亲密伴侣暴力.
第九条 does not apply to fe男性 学生s only. 第九条 protects any person from 性-based discrimination, regardless of their real or perceived 性, 性别认同和/或性别表达. 所有女性, 男性, and gender non-conforming individuals are protected from any 性-based discrimination, 骚扰或暴力.
The Clery行为 (Jeane Clery行为) - amended 第九条 in 1990 并要求所有公共资助的学院和大学共享校园内所有类型犯罪的信息, 他们努力改善校园安全，并向公众通报校园内外的犯罪情况. 《澳门皇家赌城在线》还要求学校为性行为不端的幸存者提供选择，这样他们就有机会实现自己的教育目标. 大学还必须帮助幸存者以安全和授权的方式通知当地执法部门. 最后, 高等教育机构必须通过纪律程序向幸存者和被告双方提供具体权利. Learn more about Jeane Clery and the Clery行为.
The Violence Against Women Act VAWA (1994) - 2000年，2005年 & 2013年重申——修订《澳门皇家赌城在线》，扩大校园性侵幸存者的权利, 家庭暴力, 约会暴力, 和被人跟踪. 在VAWA, 大学必须包括政策声明，概述该机构在暴力事件发生后将遵循的程序, and identifies options available to survivors. VAWA amendments require prevention programs that aim to stop violent crimes before they occur. Issues of confidentiality of disclosure and reporting, VAWA也概述了与不当性行为有关的仇恨犯罪的细节. 了解更多关于VAWA的信息.
The Campus Sexual Violence Elimination Act (Campus SaVE Act) - of 2013 amends the Clery行为 该法案旨在帮助大学更好地保护学生和员工免受性暴力侵害. SaVE被设计为第九条的伴侣，以加强对高等教育中的性暴力的反应和预防. SaVE requires colleges to increase transparency about the scope of 性ual violence on campus, 保障受害者的权利, provide for standards in institutional conduct proceedings, and provide campus community-wide prevention educational programming.
How 第九条 Laws have affected higher education:
- Colleges must be proactive in ensuring that the campus is free of 性 discrimination. You are protected under 第九条 even if you do not experience 性 discrimination directly. Schools must take immediate steps to address any 性 discrimination, 性骚扰或性暴力 on campus to prevent it from affecting 学生s further. If a school knows or reasonably should know about discrimination, 骚扰或暴力 that is creating a “hostile environment” for any 学生, 它必须采取行动消除它, to remedy the harm caused and to prevent its recurrence. Schools may not discourage survivors from continuing their education, such as telling them to “take time off” or forcing them to quit a team, 俱乐部或班级. 你有权利留在学校，享受所有的教育项目和机会.
- Colleges must have an established procedure for handling complaints of 性 discrimination, 性骚扰或性暴力. Every school must have a 第九条 Coordinator who manages complaints. The Coordinator’s contact information should be publicly accessible on the school’s website. 如果你决定投诉的话, 无论你是否向警方报案，你的学校都必须立即进行调查(尽管如果执法部门正在收集证据，警方的调查可能会非常短暂地推迟学校的调查)。. 学校不可以等待刑事诉讼的结论，而应该在一个学期的时间内完成自己的调查(2011年民权办公室第九章指导建议60天作为适当的时间框架)。. 学校应该使用“证据优势”标准来确定投诉的结果, meaning discipline should result if it is more likely than not that discrimination, 发生骚扰和/或暴力. The final decision should be provided to you and the accused in writing. Both of you have the right to appeal the decision.
- 大学必须立即采取行动，确保受害者能够在没有性别歧视的情况下继续他们的教育, 性骚扰或性暴力. Along with issuing a no contact directive to the accused, a school must ensure that any reasonable changes to your housing, 课程或运动时间表, 校园工作, 或者课外活动和俱乐部是为了确保你能在没有性别歧视的情况下继续你的教育, 性骚扰或性暴力. These arrangements can occur BEFORE a formal complaint, 调查, 听力, or final decision is made regarding your complaint. 它也可以在整个过程之后继续，因为你有权接受没有性别歧视的教育, 骚扰或暴力. 另外, these accommodations should not over-burden complainant-victims or limit your educational opportunities; instead, 学校可以要求被告同样改变一些学校活动或课程，以确保没有持续的敌对教育环境.
- 大学不得对提出投诉的人进行报复，并且必须保护受害者免受其他报复性骚扰或行为的伤害. Schools must address complaints of 性 discrimination, 性ual harassment and 性ual violence. 作为这项义务的一部分，他们可以发布禁止联系指令或作出其他安排，以确保被告或第三方不会对任何投诉进行报复. 另外, the school may not take adverse action against the complainant-victim for their complaint. Any retaliation can and should be reported in a formal 第九条 complaint to the U.S. 因为你有权从充满敌意的教育环境中解脱出来.
- 大学可以根据第九条发布禁止接触指令，以防止被指控的学生接近或与受害者互动. 必要时，为了学生的安全, 学校可以发布禁止接触指令，防止被指控的学生直接或间接与你接触或互动. Campus security or police can and should enforce such directives. This is not a court-issued restraining order, 但是，如果你选择申请，学校应该向你提供有关如何获得这样一份申请令的信息，并为你提供便利.
- 在性暴力案件中, 学校禁止鼓励或允许对投诉进行调解(而不是正式听证会). 2011年的第九条指导明确禁止学校允许在性暴力案件中被指控的学生和投诉受害者之间进行调解. 然而, they may still offer such an alternative process for other types of complaints, 比如性骚扰. 意识到这是你的选择，如果你想要这样一个正式的程序，你可以也应该寻求纪律听证会. Schools are discouraged from allowing the accused to question you during a 听力.
- 大学不应该让受害者支付某些住宿的费用，这些费用可能是为了让受害者在经历暴力后继续接受教育而需要的. 如果你需要咨询, 辅导, 住房资源, or other remedies in order to continue your education, these resources will be provided at no cost to you.